Systems, apparatus, and methods for documenting code blue scenarios

ABSTRACT

An apparatus may be configured for providing feedback to caregivers during a code blue scenario when adhered to the chest of a subject undergoing resuscitation by sensing and transmitting information associated with the code blue scenario. Such information may include one or more of vital signs of the subject during resuscitation, information associated with chest movements of the subject during resuscitation, and audio information from an environment of the subject during resuscitation. One or more processors may generate real-time feedback for communication to the caregivers during the code blue scenario based on the sensed and transmitted information.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/974,367 filed on May 8, 2018, which is a continuation inpart of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/669,449 filed on Aug. 4,2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/245,858 filed on Apr. 4, 2014, all entitled “SYSTEMS, APPARATUS, ANDMETHODS FOR DOCUMENTING CODE BLUE SCENARIOS” and all incorporated hereinby reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates to systems, apparatus, and methods fordocumenting a code blue scenario in which a subject is undergoingresuscitation.

BACKGROUND

Patient safety is one of the most important challenges facing today'shealthcare. There are approximately 2.5 million deaths in the U.S. eachyear, about a third of which occur in acute care hospitals. Unless thereare “do-not-resuscitate” advanced directives in place, patients who diein a hospital most likely have undergone one or more resuscitationattempts known as “code blue.” Code blue is used by hospitals todescribe a scenario in which a patient with cardiac or respiratoryarrest requires stat medical intervention (i.e., resuscitation). Medicalerrors occur in healthcare every day. In code blue scenarios, medicalerrors may be likely to occur, which can cost lives. Common errors incardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may include slow chest compressionrates, shallow chest compression depths, hyperventilation, long pausesin CPR before shock delivery, delivery of electrical defibrillation fornonshockable rhythms, medication errors, failure to follow resuscitationguidelines (e.g., advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS), pediatricadvanced life support (PALS), and/or other guidelines), and/or othererrors.

Studies have found conventional paper-based documentation practices ofcode blue scenarios may be inaccurate, often misreporting interventiondelivery times, missing their delivery entirely, and/or making otherdocumentation errors. Paper-based code blue records may commonly havemissing time data, include use of multiple timepieces for recording timedata during the same event, and convey a wide variation in coherence andprecision of clocking devices. For example, the documentation of time inemergency events has been shown to vary significantly, by as much asnineteen minutes, depending on which clocking devices are used.Furthermore, incomplete and inaccurate documentation of code bluescenarios are frequently a source for medicolegal disputes.

SUMMARY

Exemplary implementations may provide feedback (e.g., coaching) tocaregivers during a code blue scenario, as well as complete and accuratedocumentation of code blue scenarios, which may facilitate qualityimprovement of resuscitation in practice, enhance in patent safety, andprotect healthcare professionals against lawsuits. Some implementationsprovide an electronic apparatus for providing feedback to caregivers andcomplete documentation of code blue scenarios. This apparatus may bereferred to as a “BlueBox.” According to one implementation, theapparatus may include a five by ten centimeter elongated patchconfigured to be placed next to the mid-sternum on the left. Otherconfigurations are contemplated. The apparatus may be configured toprovide feedback to caregivers related to, as well as provide completecapture of, all code blue events including vital signs of a subject(e.g., a patient or other individual undergoing resuscitation), cardiacrhythm, verbal orders, execution of the orders, chest compression,cardioversion/defibrillation, procedures, medications, labs, and/orother events. The apparatus may enhance the safety of subjectsundergoing CPR. The apparatus may provide electronic code blue recordsthat can be useful for electronic medical record (EMR) documentation,education, and quality improvement.

The apparatus may include multiple sensors embedded in amicro-electronics platform. The sensors may include electrocardiogram(ECG) sensors, one or more accelerometers (e.g., a tri-axialaccelerometer), a temperature sensor, an impendence sensor, one or moreacoustic sensors, one or more sensors configured for detecting oxygensaturation (SpO₂) (e.g., pulse oximeter sensors), and/or other sensors.In some implementations, all of the sensors may be integrated into avolume with a four centimeter diameter and eight millimeter thickness.Feedback may be given, and vital signs and audio information may besimultaneously recorded with corresponding time stamps and/or otherinformation. Security measures may be implemented to protect therecorded information. An enclosure and contact surface of the apparatusmay be designed to withstand pressure from chest compressions and/orvoltages from cardioversion and defibrillation.

An “electronic code blue sheet” and/or feedback user interface may beprovided to display the feedback, and/or the code blue events recordedby the apparatus. In accordance with some implementations, the userinterface may be provided by an app suitable for one or more platformsincluding Apple iOS™ platform, Android™ platform, Microsoft Windows™,and/or other platforms. The app may run on one or more computingplatforms associated with a caregiver, a medical facility and/or othermedical providers, medical equipment in the environment where the codeblue events occur, and/or other computing platforms. The app may receiveinformation from sensors of the apparatus, retrieve information recordedby the apparatus, receive and/or retrieve information from a serverand/or other processing devices, and/or perform other operations via awireless connection, and automatically display the feedback, the codeblue events chronologically with time stamps, and/or other information,in some implementations. The user interface may provide zoomable viewsof the feedback, the vital signs, and/or other information. The userinterface may facilitate communication of audio instructions, playbackof other audio information, and/or other operations. In someimplementations, a trained transcriptionist may annotate additionalevents, such as procedures and medications, based on the voicerecordings. This annotation may be performed automatically with the aidof voice recognition technology, in some implementations. The electroniccode blue sheet may be exported (e.g., as a portable document file (PDF)and/or other electronic document formats) so that the code blue sheetcan be printed for paper medical record, or for uploading to EMR.

One aspect of the disclosure relates to an apparatus configured toprovide feedback to caregivers during a code blue scenario. Theapparatus may comprise an enclosure, a sensor bank, a feedbackinterface, one or more processors, and/or other components. Theenclosure may be adhered to a chest of a subject undergoingresuscitation. The enclosure may be configured to withstand compressiveforces applied to the subject's chest from chest compressions duringresuscitation. Components disposed within the enclosure may be protectedfrom mechanical damage, electrical shock, and/or other conditions. Thesensor bank may be at least partially disposed within the enclosure. Thesensor bank may be configured to provide signals conveying informationassociated with the code blue scenario. The information may includevital signs of the subject during resuscitation, information associatedwith chest movements of the subject during resuscitation, audioinformation from an environment surrounding the subject duringresuscitation, and/or other information. The feedback interface may becoupled with the enclosure. The feedback interface may be configured toprovide real-time feedback to the caregivers during the code bluescenario. The real-time feedback may comprise a recommendation to beginresuscitation, adjustments that should be made to ongoing resuscitation,and/or other feedback. The one or more processors may be operativelycoupled with the sensor bank and the feedback interface, one or morecomputing platforms, and/or other components. The one or more processorsmay be configured by computer program instructions to generate thereal-time feedback based on the information in the signals from thesensor bank. In some implementations, the feedback may be provided byone or more components of the feedback interface, the user interfaceprovided by the app described above, and/or other components.

In some implementations, the feedback interface may comprise one or moreof a display screen, one or more indicator lights, a speaker, componentsfor communication with one or more computing platforms, and/or othercomponents. The feedback interface may be configured to provide thereal-time feedback to the caregivers via one or more of the displayscreen, the one or more indicator lights, the speaker, the app runningon the one or more computing platforms, and/or the other components. Insome implementations, the feedback interface may include a timer. Thetimer may be activated responsive to one or both of the apparatus beingremovably adhered to the subject's chest or an adhesive cover beingremoved from the enclosure.

In some implementations, the real-time feedback may comprise adjustmentsthat should be made to ongoing resuscitation such as recommended changesto one or more of a compression rate, a compression depth, a pausebetween compressions, or a compression interval of cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR) chest compressions performed on the subject duringthe code blue scenario. In some implementations, generating thereal-time feedback based on the information in the signals from thesensor bank may comprise determining time elapsed since collapse of thesubject. The time elapsed since collapse may be determined responsive tothe information in the signals from the sensor bank indicatingventricular fibrillation and no respiratory movement, and/or otherinformation. In some implementations, the real-time feedback maycomprise a recommendation to begin chest compressions on the subject. Insome implementations, the real-time feedback may comprise arecommendation to shock or defibrillate the subject. In someimplementations, the real-time feedback may comprise a recommendation toinject the subject with epinephrine.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for providingfeedback to caregivers during a code blue scenario with a feedbackapparatus. The apparatus may comprise an enclosure, a sensor bank, afeedback interface, one or more processors, and/or other components. Themethod may comprise adhering the enclosure to a chest of a subjectundergoing resuscitation. The enclosure may be configured to withstandcompressive forces applied to the subject's chest from chestcompressions during resuscitation. Components disposed within theenclosure may be protected from mechanical damage, electrical shock,and/or other conditions. The sensor bank may be at least partiallydisposed within the enclosure. The method may comprise providing, withthe sensor bank, signals conveying information associated with the codeblue scenario. The information may include vital signs of the subjectduring resuscitation, information associated with chest movements of thesubject during resuscitation, audio information from an environmentsurrounding the subject during resuscitation, and/or other information.The feedback interface may be coupled with the enclosure. The method maycomprise providing, with the feedback interface, real-time feedback tothe caregivers during the code blue scenario. The real-time feedback maycomprise a recommendation to begin resuscitation, adjustments thatshould be made to ongoing resuscitation, and/or other feedback. The oneor more processors may be operatively coupled with the sensor bank andthe feedback interface. The one or more processors may be configured bycomputer program instructions. The method may comprise generating, withthe one or more processors, the real-time feedback based on theinformation in the signals from the sensor bank.

In some implementations, the feedback interface may comprise one or moreof a display screen, one or more indicator lights, a speaker, componentsfor communication with one or more computing platforms, and/or othercomponents. The method may comprise providing the real-time feedback tothe caregivers via one or more of the display screen, the one or moreindicator lights, the speaker, the app described above, and/or the othercomponents. In some implementations, the feedback interface may includea timer. The method may comprise activating the timer responsive to oneor both of the apparatus being removably adhered to the subject's chestor an adhesive cover being removed from the enclosure.

In some implementations, the real-time feedback may comprise adjustmentsthat should be made to ongoing resuscitation such as recommended changesto one or more of a compression rate, a compression depth, a pausebetween compressions, or a compression interval of cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR) chest compressions performed on the subject duringthe code blue scenario. In some implementations, generating thereal-time feedback based on the information in the signals from thesensor bank may comprise determining time elapsed since collapse of thesubject. The time elapsed since collapse may be determined responsive tothe information in the signals from the sensor bank indicatingventricular fibrillation and no respiratory movement, and/or otherinformation. In some implementations, the real-time feedback maycomprise a recommendation to begin chest compressions on the subject. Insome implementations, the real-time feedback may comprise arecommendation to shock or defibrillate the subject. In someimplementations, the real-time feedback may comprise a recommendation toinject the subject with epinephrine.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to an apparatus configured fordocumenting a code blue scenario when adhered to the chest of a subjectundergoing resuscitation. The apparatus may comprise an enclosure and asensor bank. The enclosure may be configured to withstand compressiveforces applied to the subject's chest during resuscitation of thesubject such that components disposed within the enclosure are protectedfrom mechanical damage. The sensor bank may be at least partiallydisposed within the enclosure. The sensor bank may be configured toprovide signals conveying information associated with a code bluescenario. The information may include vital signs of the subject duringresuscitation and audio information from an environment surrounding thesubject during resuscitation.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a system configured fordocumenting code blue scenarios. The system may comprise one or morephysical processors configured to receive information from an apparatusconfigured for documenting a code blue scenario when adhered to thechest of a subject undergoing resuscitation by sensing and transmittinginformation associated with the code blue scenario. The information mayinclude vital signs of the subject during resuscitation and audioinformation from an environment of the subject during resuscitation. Theone or more physical processors may be disposed at a location other thanthe apparatus. The one or more processors may be further configured toexecute computer program instructions. The computer program instructionsmay comprise a code blue documentation component configured to providecode blue documentation that conveys information related to the vitalsigns of the subject during resuscitation and the audio information fromthe environment of the subject during resuscitation.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for documentingcode blue scenarios. The method may comprise receiving, using one ormore physical processors, vital sign information associated with vitalsigns of a subject during resuscitation in a code blue scenario. Thevital sign information may be received from an apparatus configured tobe adhered to the chest of the subject when the code blue scenariobegins. The method may comprise receiving, using one or more physicalprocessors, audio information from an environment surrounding thesubject during resuscitation. The audio information may be received fromthe apparatus. The method may comprise providing, using one or morephysical processors, code blue documentation that conveys informationrelated to the resuscitation performed on the subject. The code bluedocumentation may be based on both the vital sign information and theaudio information.

These and other features, and characteristics of the present technology,as well as the methods of operation and functions of the relatedelements of structure and the combination of parts and economies ofmanufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of thefollowing description and the appended claims with reference to theaccompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification,wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in thevarious figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that thedrawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only andare not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. As usedin the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”,and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a system configured to provide feedback to caregiversduring code blue scenarios, as well as document the code blue scenarios,in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary positioning of an apparatus configuredfor providing feedback during, and documenting, a code blue scenariowhen adhered to the chest of a subject undergoing resuscitation, inaccordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 3 illustrates an electronics hardware footprint and configurationof the apparatus, in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary enclosure of the apparatus, inaccordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 5 illustrates a graphical user interface presenting code bluedocumentation, in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method for documenting code blue scenarios, inaccordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method for providing feedback to caregivers with afeedback apparatus during a code blue scenario, in accordance with oneor more implementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 configured for providing feedback tocaregivers during code blue scenarios, as well as documenting code bluescenarios, in accordance with one or more implementations. The feedback(e.g., coaching) provided to caregivers during a code blue scenario, aswell as complete and accurate documentation of code blue scenarios, mayfacilitate quality improvement of resuscitation in practice, enhance inpatent safety, and protect healthcare professionals against lawsuits.The system 100 may provide complete documentation for code bluescenarios, which may be useful for EMR integration, medical education,quality improvement, medicolegal purposes, and/or other purposes. Thesystem 100 may provide standardized code blue documentation that iscomplete and operator-independent, thus improving quality of care andprotecting patient safety. According to some implementations, system100, with its capacity to provide feedback and capture most or allevents in code blue scenarios, may provide much needed assistance tohealthcare professionals who lead code blue teams (e.g.,anesthesiologists, intensivists, emergency physicians, and/or otherhealthcare professionals).

Components of system 100 may continuously record important vitalparameters of a subject undergoing CPR, procedures such as chestcompression and defibrillation, and all verbal communications among thecode blue team members such as orders, responses, medications, labresults, and/or other verbal communications. Proper documentation ofcode blue scenarios may facilitate detailed reviews of CPR events forquality improvement, thus enhancing patent safety. Proper documentationmay protect healthcare professionals against lawsuits which mightotherwise be due to incomplete or inaccurate documentation. Properlydocumenting care in a patient's medical records is essential and, in theevent of a lawsuit, provides evidence that the care that was providedmet professional standards.

In one exemplary implementation, system 100 may include an apparatusshaped as a disk having a diameter of four centimeters and a thicknessof one centimeter, housed in a ten by five centimeter patch shaped as abig Band-Aid. The apparatus may be configured to be placed on the leftmid chest, over the fourth intercostal space between the left sternalborder and left nipple, at the beginning of a code blue scenario. Theremay be no control buttons or other mechanisms on the apparatus. Instead,the apparatus may power on and begin recording responsive to aprotective cover being removed. This may be achieved using a magneticswitch, according to some implementations. The apparatus may power offand stop recording responsive to the apparatus being removed from thesubject. The apparatus may be configured to prevent unauthorized removalof any internal memory and/or tampering with recorded information.

As depicted in FIG. 1, system 100 may include an apparatus 102, apersonal computing platform 104, a server 106, one or more feedbackprocessors 109, and/or other components. The apparatus 102 may beconfigured for providing feedback to caregivers during code bluescenarios, as well as documenting code blue scenarios when adhered tothe chest of a subject undergoing resuscitation. FIG. 2 illustrates anexemplary positioning of an apparatus that is the same or similar toapparatus 102, in accordance with one or more implementations. Theposition of apparatus 102 depicted in FIG. 2 is not intended to belimiting as other positions are contemplated and are within the scope ofthe disclosure. For example, in some implementations, the position maybe at a different location of the subject or covering a different shapeor size area on the subject than that depicted in FIG. 2.

Referring again to FIG. 1, apparatus 102 may include an enclosure 108.The enclosure 108 may be configured to withstand compressive forcesapplied to the subject during resuscitation such that componentsdisposed within enclosure 108 are protected from mechanical damage(e.g., breaking or otherwise becoming unable to operate properly due toreceipt of compressive forces). The enclosure 108 may be configured towithstand electrical conditions (e.g., high voltages) resulting fromdefibrillation being performed on the subject such that componentdisposed within enclosure 108 are protected from electrical and/ormagnetic damage (e.g., shorting or otherwise becoming unable to operateproperly due to exposure to certain electrical conditions). Theenclosure 108 may have an adhesive applied to an external portion ofenclosure 108 to facilitate removably adhering to the subject's chest.The apparatus 102 may be prepared with a removable cover or film 111that protects the adhesive on enclosure 108, and exposes the adhesivewhen removed.

FIG. 3 illustrates an electronics hardware footprint and configuration302 of apparatus 102, in accordance with one or more implementations.The electronics hardware footprint and configuration 302 may include arearea in which one or more components of apparatus 102 are disposed. Asdepicted in FIG. 3, electronics hardware footprint and configuration 302may include one or more of ECG electrodes 304, microphones 306, abattery 308, an accelerometer 310, defibrillation protection electronics312, communications antenna 314, impedance sensors 316, electronicstorage 318, charging electronics 320, a feedback interface 322, and/orother components. In some implementations, there may be no physicalbuttons, physical switches, or plug-style ports associated withelectronics hardware footprint and configuration 302. In someimplementations, electronics hardware footprint and configuration 302may include one or more indicator lights configured to convey feedbackor a status of apparatus 100 (e.g., on, off, recording, not recording,and/or other statuses). In some embodiments, feedback interface 322 mayinclude a display screen, one or more indicator lights, a speaker, oneor more components (e.g., Bluetooth and/or other communicationcomponents) configured to communicate real-time and/or near real-timefeedback to the caregivers during a code blue scenario via one or morecomputing platforms remote from the apparatus 102, and/or otherelectronic components configured to provide feedback to caregiversduring a code blue scenario.

Other configurations for electronics hardware footprint andconfiguration 302 are contemplated. The positions of various componentson electronics hardware footprint and configuration 302 may varyaccording to different implementations. The shape and/or size ofelectronics hard ware footprint and configuration 302 depicted in FIG. 3are not intended to be limiting as other shapes and/or sizes arecontemplated and are within the scope of the disclosure. For example, insome implementations, the shape of electronics hardware footprint andconfiguration 302 may be more complex (e.g., more constituent shapes,curves, or angles) or less complex (e.g., less constituent shapes,curves, or angles) than that depicted in FIG. 3. In addition, there maybe more or less sensor positions at the same or different locations onelectronics hardware footprint 302. The size of electronics hardwarefootprint and configuration 302 may vary according to various factorsincludes a subject size (e.g., adult versus child), sensors sizes,and/or other factors.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary enclosure 402 of apparatus 102, inaccordance with one or more implementations. The enclosure 402 may besimilar to or the same as enclosure 108 described in connection withFIG. 1. The enclosure 402 may be configured to enclose some or all ofelectronics hardware footprint and configuration 302 (see FIG. 3). Asdepicted in FIG. 4, enclosure 402 may include one or more of anelectronics case 404, a foam patch 406, an indicator light 408, aremovable protective cover 410, and/or other components. The enclosure402 may be made in whole or in part of one or more of acrylic, foam,plastic, metal, resin, and/or other materials. Pressure used for chestcompressions may be up to 125 pounds. As such, enclosure 402 may beconfigured to withstand twenty or more pounds per square inch (PSI), orabout 150 or more pounds of total force, according to someimplementations. The enclosure 402 may include a hydrogel at a surfaceconfigured to contact skin on the subject. Such hydrogel may facilitatemeasurements by one or more of ECG sensors, temperature sensors, and/orother sensors. A surface of enclosure 402 may be configured to beadhered to skin of the subject. The removable protective cover 410 maycover an adhesive that facilitates adhesion by enclosure 402 to thesubject. In some implementations, a magnetic switch (not depicted) maybe included in enclosure 402 and be configured such that, responsive toa user removing the disposable cover and/or placing apparatus 102 on thesubject, apparatus 102 may be powered on and/or collecting informationassociated with a code blue scenario.

Other configurations for enclosure 402 are contemplated. The shapeand/or size of enclosure 402 depicted in FIG. 4 are not intended to belimiting as other shapes and/or sizes are contemplated and are withinthe scope of the disclosure. For example, in some implementations, theshape of enclosure 402 may be more complex (e.g., more constituentshapes, curves, or angles) or less complex (e.g., less constituentshapes, curves, or angles) than that depicted in FIG. 4. The size ofenclosure 402 may vary according to various factors includes a subjectsize (e.g., adult versus child), sensors sizes, and/or other factors.

Referring again to FIG. 1, apparatus 102 may include one or more of apower supply 110, a sensor bank 112, a feedback interface 113,electronic storage 114, one or more processors 116, a communicationsinterface 118, and/or other components.

The power supply 110 may be disposed within enclosure 108. The powersupply 110 may be configured to provide electrical power to one or morecomponents of apparatus 102. The power supply 110 may be configured toprovide electrical power to one or more components of apparatus 100responsive to one or both of apparatus 100 being removably adhered to asubject's chest or an adhesive cover being removed from enclosure 108.The power supply 110 may include one or more of a battery, a capacitor,and/or other power supplies. The power supply 110 may be replaceable.According to various implementations, power supply 110 may berechargeable using a conductive wire line in or an inductive wirelessmechanism.

The sensor bank 112 may be at least partially disposed within enclosure108. The sensor bank 112 may be configured to provide signals conveyinginformation associated with a code blue scenario. The information mayinclude vital signs of the subject during resuscitation and/or audioinformation from an environment surrounding the subject duringresuscitation. The audio information from the environment may includevoice commands issued during resuscitation of the subject. The audioinformation from the environment may include a vocal indication of avital sign (e.g., blood pressure, whether or not the subject has apulse, etc.) of the subject during resuscitation.

In some implementations, sensor bank 112 may include one or more of aheart rate sensor 120, a cardiac rhythm sensor 122, a respiration sensor124, a chest movement sensor 126, a temperature sensor 128, a bloodpressure sensor 130, an oxygen saturation (SpO₂) sensor 131, a chestcompression sensor 132, a cardioversion and/or defibrillation sensor134, a verbal communication sensor 136, and/or other components.

The heart rate sensor 120 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a heart rate of the subject duringresuscitation. By way of non-limiting example, the signal from heartrate sensor 120 may facilitate determining and/or presenting a heartrate of the subject, indications of when the subject's heart beats,and/or other information associated with the subjects heart function. Insome implementations, heart rate sensor 120 may include one or more ECGsensors.

The cardiac rhythm sensor 122 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a cardiac rhythm of the subjectduring resuscitation. By way of non-limiting example, the signal fromthe cardiac rhythm sensor 122 may facilitate determining and/orpresenting the subject's cardiac rhythm as shown by ECG, various typesof arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular fibrillation), and/or otherinformation associated with the subject's cardiac rhythm. In someimplementations, cardiac rhythm sensor 122 may include one or more ECGsensors.

The respiration sensor 124 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a respiration of the subjectduring resuscitation. By way of non-limiting example, the signal fromrespiration sensor 124 may facilitate determining and/or presenting thesubject's respiration rate, the subject's respiration volume, anindication of when the subject breaths, an indication of when a positivepressure ventilation was performed on the subject, an indication of howmany positive pressure ventilations have been performed on the subject,an indication of a volume associated with positive pressureventilations, and/or other information associated with the subject'sbreathing. In some implementations, respiration sensor 124 may includean impedance sensor.

The chest movement sensor 126 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with chest movements caused byartificial respiration provided to the subject during resuscitation. Byway of non-limiting example, the signal from chest movement sensor 126may facilitate determining and/or presenting an indication of when anartificial breath was provided to the subject, and/or other informationassociated with artificial respiration provided to the subject. In someimplementations, chest movement sensor 126 may include one or moreaccelerometers.

The temperature sensor 128 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a temperature of the subjectduring resuscitation. By way of non-limiting example, the signalprovided by temperature sensor 128 may facilitate determining and/orpresenting an indication of the subject's core temperature, thesubject's surface temperature, a temperature of an environmentsurrounding the subject, a change in a temperature, and/or otherinformation associated with temperature. In some implementations,temperature sensor 128 may include one or more of a thermometer, athermistor, a thermocouple, and/or other temperature sensor.

The blood pressure sensor 130 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a blood pressure of the subjectduring resuscitation. In some implementations, blood pressure sensor 130may be configured to receive a signal conveying information associatedwith a blood pressure of the subject during resuscitation from anexternal source. For example, blood pressure sensor 130 may receive asignal from a sphygmomanometer or blood pressure sensor (not depicted)that is separate and distinct from apparatus 102. As such, bloodpressure sensor 130 may be communicatively coupled with asphygmomanometer or blood pressure sensor. In some implementations,blood pressure sensor 130 may include a microphone configured to recordverbal announcements of the subject's blood pressure.

The oxygen saturation sensor 131 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with an oxygen saturation of thesubject's blood. By way of non-limiting example, the signal provided byoxygen saturation sensor 131 may facilitate determining and/orpresenting an indication of a saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO₂)associated with the subject.

The chest compression sensor 132 may be configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with chest compressions performed onthe subject during resuscitation. By way of non-limiting example, thesignal provided by chest compression sensor 132 may facilitatedetermining and/or presenting an indication of when a chest compressionwas performed on the subject, an amount of force applied to the subjectby a chest compression, a displacement (depth) of the subject's chestcause by a chest compression, a rate of successive chest compressions, apause in successive chest compressions, and/or other informationassociated with chest compressions performed on the subject. In someimplementations, chest compression sensor 132 may include one or moreaccelerometers.

The cardioversion and/or defibrillation sensor 134 may be configured toprovide a signal conveying information associated with cardioversionprocedures and/or defibrillation procedures performed on the subjectduring resuscitation. By way of non-limiting example, the signalprovided by cardioversion and/or defibrillation sensor 134 mayfacilitate determining and/or presenting an indication of whencardioversion procedures and/or defibrillation procedures were performedon the subject, an amount of energy associated with cardioversionprocedures and/or defibrillation procedures performed on the subject,duration of the energy, synchronized versus unsynchronized, subject'sresponse to a cardioversion procedure and/or a defibrillation procedure,and/or other information associated with cardioversion procedures and/ordefibrillation procedures. The cardioversion and/or defibrillationsensor 134 may be communicatively coupled to a cardioversion and/ordefibrillation device. The cardioversion and/or defibrillation sensor134 may be configured to sense electrical currents applied to thesubject. The cardioversion and/or defibrillation sensor 134 may includeone or more of an ECG sensor, an accelerometer, a microphone, and/orother sensors.

The verbal communication sensor 136 may be configured to provide asignal conveying information associated with verbal communication amongthe caregiver members of the code blue team, a response from a caregiverto an inquiry by apparatus 102 and/or feedback processor 109 (describedbelow) in an environment of the subject during resuscitation, and/orother information. The verbal communication sensor 136 may include oneor more of a microphone, an acoustic-to-electric transducer, and/orother sensor configured to sense audio information.

The feedback interface 113 may be coupled to, formed by, formed in, orotherwise attached to enclosure 108. In some implementations, thefeedback interface 113 may be the same as or similar to feedbackinterface 322 (shown in FIG. 3 and described herein). In someimplementations, the feedback interface 113 may include one or morecomponents of communications interface 118 and/or have other components.The feedback interface 113 may comprise one or more of a display screen115, one or more indicator lights 117 (which may or may not include theindicator light 408 described above), a speaker 119, and/or othercomponents. The feedback may be provided to the caregivers via one ormore of the display screen 115, the one or more indicator lights 117,the speaker 119, via personal computing platform 104, and/or othercomputing platforms, and/or other components.

In some embodiments, the feedback interface 113 may be at leastpartially formed in, on, or by a surface of enclosure 108 that isvisible to the caregivers (e.g., a surface that is not adhered to thesubject), and/or other surfaces. For example, the feedback interface 113may be formed on a surface of enclosure 108 opposite a surface includinga protective cover and/or adhesive of the system 100, on an edge surfaceof enclosure 108 visible to caregivers, and/or other surfaces. In someembodiments, one or more portions of the feedback interface 113 may beformed on different surfaces of enclosure 108. For example, the displayscreen 115, the speaker 119, and/or one or more indicator lights 117 maybe formed on a larger surface of enclosure 108 opposite the protectivecover, and one or more other indicator lights, and/or other componentsmay be formed on a smaller edge surface of enclosure 108. It should benoted that this description of the feedback interface 113 is not to beconsidered limiting. The feedback interface 113 may or may not includeall of the components listed above (e.g., the feedback interface 113 maycomprise only indicator lights 117 and the speaker 119, only theindicator lights 117, only the display screen 115, only communicationscomponents of communications interface 118, etc.), and individualcomponents may be located anywhere in, on, or otherwise coupled toenclosure 108 that allows the system 100 to function as describedherein.

Feedback interface 113 may be configured to provide real-time and/ornear real-time feedback to the caregivers during a code blue scenario.In some embodiments, the feedback may be provided in textual and/orgraphical form via the display screen 115, via an app running onpersonal computing platform 104, and/or other components. In thisexample, the feedback may be provided by displaying textualinstructions, displaying pictures and/or other images, and/or displayingother information. Displaying pictures and/or other images may includedisplaying annotated pictures or images that instruct (e.g., via arrowsand/or other notations in the pictures and/or images) caregivers toperform specific actions, and/or other displays.

In some implementations, the feedback may be provided by lighting onemore indicator lights 117 of different colors, lighting one or moreindicator lights 117 with different patterns and/or frequencies, and/orby providing other lighting (e.g., lighting virtual lights displayed bythe app running on personal computing platform 104). In this example,lights of different colors may correspond to different recommendedactions, an intensity and/or other relative level of a recommendedaction (e.g., green means less intense, yellow means more intense, andred means most intense), and/or other information. A grid and/or otherrow(s) of lights may be lit in a specific shape or other pattern toindicate specific feedback. Lighting intensity (e.g., brightness) may bechanged to indicate specific feedback. Indicator lights 117 may becontrolled to blink or flash with specific patterns to indicate specificinstructions.

In some implementations, the feedback may be provided by the speaker119, speakers included in personal computing platform 104, and/or othersound generation components. In some implementations, the speaker 119,for example, may provide verbal commands and/or other instructions forcaregivers. For example, the speaker may instruct a caregiver “beginCPR” or provide other commands. In some implementations, the speaker 119may provide beeping sounds and/or other noises that correspond tospecific actions, an intensity of the specific actions, and/or otherinformation. For example, the speaker 119 may provide a first sound thatindicates a caregiver should start CPR, and additional sounds that helpthe caregiver pace compressions. In this example, the speaker 119 mayadjust an intensity (e.g., the volume) of the sounds to cause thecaregiver to perform deeper or shallower compressions, or make otheradjustments to the CPR provided.

In some implementations, the feedback interface 113 may be and/orinclude one or more components (e.g., communications interface 118)configured to communicate real-time and/or near real-time feedback tothe caregivers during a code blue scenario via one or more computingplatforms (e.g., personal computing platform 104) remote from theapparatus 102. For example, the feedback interface 113 may be and/orinclude one or more components configured to communicate feedback tocaregivers via one or more personal computing platforms 104, one or morecomputing platforms associated with one or more items of medicalequipment proximate to a location where a patient is undergoingresuscitation, one or more computing platforms configured to recordand/or present medical records, one or more computing platformsassociated with a medical services provider and/or care facility, and/orother computing platforms. For example, in some implementations, thefeedback may be provided via Bluetooth components included in thefeedback interface 113 linked to an iPad or other mobile device orcomputer. In some implementations, for example, the apparatus 102 itselfmay be able to process the analysis and provide feedback directly viaone or more displays and/or indicators of the feedback interface 113device (e.g., as described above). In some implementations, for example,the apparatus 102 may be coupled to a (e.g., cloud) server (e.g., server106, feedback processor 109, etc.) and stream data to the server inreal-time or near real-time, which may process received data, analyzeresults, and send them back to the apparatus 102 to show resuscitationrecommendations. In some implementations, for example, the apparatus 102may be coupled to the (e.g., cloud) server (e.g., server 106, feedbackprocessor 109, etc.) and stream data to the server in real-time or nearreal-time, which may process received data, analyze results, and sendthem back to the personal computing platform 104 and/or other computingplatforms to show resuscitation recommendations.

In some implementations, the feedback interface may include a timer 121.The timer 121 may be a display and/or other indication (e.g., a specificnumber of lit indicator lights 117 that steadily increase over time) ofan elapsed amount of time. In some implementations, the timer 121 may beactivated responsive to one or both of the apparatus 102 being removablyadhered to the subject's chest or an adhesive cover being removed fromthe enclosure 102, for example. In some implementations, the timer 121may be activated responsive to collapse of the subject, responsive to astart of CPR and/or other resuscitation operations, responsive todefibrillation, and/or responsive to other operations. In someimplementations, as described below, the timer 121 may be activated bycomputer program instructions 138 and/or time stamping component 140.

The processor(s) 116 may be disposed within enclosure 108. Theprocessor(s) 116 may be configured to execute computer programinstructions 138. The computer program instructions 138 may include atime stamping component 140 and/or other components. The time stampingcomponent 140 may be configured to time stamp signals provided by sensorbank 112, time stamp information conveyed by the signals provided bysensor bank 112, time stamp feedback determined by feedback processors109 and/or provided by feedback interface 113, and/or other information.Such time stamps may facilitate chronological logging of code blueevents including the feedback provided by the system 100.

The electronic storage 114 may be disposed within enclosure 108. Theelectronic storage 114 may be configured to store and provide access toinformation conveyed by the signals provided by sensor bank 112,information determined by feedback processor 109, and/or otherinformation. According to some implementations, apparatus 102 may beassigned a unique serial number and a security code for accessinginformation stored by electronic storage 114. To access the storedinformation using a given personal computing device (e.g., personalcomputing platform 104), the given personal computing device may berequired to be paired with apparatus 102 via a Bluetooth link and/orother communicative connection, in accordance with some implementations.

In some implementations, a patient's identifiers may be recorded byvirtue of a user verbally identifying the patient's name, a hospital IDnumber, a date of birth, and/or other patient information. In someimplementations, apparatus 102 may be configured to wirelessly retrieveinformation including patient information from other electronic medicaldevices. The apparatus 102 may be configured to obtain patientinformation by scanning visual marks (e.g., barcode, QR code, and/orother visual marks), by imaging the patient's ID band, by a keypad,and/or by other techniques.

The communications interface 118 may be disposed within enclosure 112.The communications interface 118 may be configured to communicate withone or more other components of system 110 by wireless connectionsand/or wired connections. The communication interface 118 may beconfigured to transmit one or more of signals provided by sensor bank112, information conveyed by the signals provided by sensor bank 112,information stored by electronic storage 114, information received fromfeedback interface 113, information received from processor(s) 116,and/or other information. The communications interface 118 may beconfigured to receive information from one or more other components ofsystem 100. For example, the communications interface 118 may beconfigured to receive feedback (and/or information related to thefeedback) determined by feedback processor 109, transmit (e.g., viaBluetooth components, etc., as described herein) the informationreceived from feedback processor 109 to personal computing platform 104for communication to a caregiver, and/or perform other operations. Insome implementations, the communications interface 118 may be configuredto transmit received feedback to feedback interface 113 for provision tocaregivers. According to some implementations, communications interface118 may be compatible with one or more of a Bluetooth standard, a Wi-Fistandard, an ANT or ANT+ standard, a near-field standard, wireless datacommunication protocols, and/or other communications standards.

The feedback processor 109 may formed by and/or in one or moreindividual stand alone processors 109, one or more servers 106, one ormore personal computing platforms 104, the apparatus 102, and/or othercomponents of the system 100. The feedback processor 109 may beconfigured to generate real-time and/or near real-time feedback forcaregivers based on the information in the signals from the sensor bank112 and/or other information. The real-time and/or near real-timefeedback may comprise a recommendation to begin resuscitation,adjustments that should be made to ongoing resuscitation, and/or otherfeedback. In some implementations, the generated real-time and/or nearreal-time feedback may comprise recommendations that one or more actionstaken by taken by the code blue caregiver team during the code bluescenario such as recommending one or more of chest compressions beperformed on the subject during resuscitation, cardioversion proceduresand/or defibrillation procedures be performed on the subject duringresuscitation, medications be administered to the subject duringresuscitation, endotracheal intubation be performed on the subject,artificial respiration be provided to the subject during resuscitation,vascular accesses (e.g., intravenous lines, intra-osseous lines,arterial lines, and/or other accesses) be created, surgical proceduresbe performed, laboratory tests be performed, and/or other actions betaken by the code blue caregiver team.

By way of a non-limiting example, in some implementations, the feedbackprocessor 109 may be configured such that the real-time feedback maycomprise adjustments that should be made to ongoing resuscitation. Suchadjustments may comprise recommended changes to one or more of acompression rate (e.g., compressions per minute), a compression depth(e.g., cm), a pause between compressions (e.g., sec), or a compressioninterval of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compressionsperformed on the subject during the code blue scenario. For example, therate and depth of chest compression may be detected based on outputsignals from the chest compression sensor 132. The feedback processor109 may be configured to determine whether the rate and/or depth ofchest compression are within a predetermined amount of a target rateand/or depth of chest compression and/or meet other target criteria. Insome implementations, the predetermined amount may be an absolute value,a percentage, and/or other predetermined amounts. In someimplementations, the feedback processor 109 may be configured todetermine whether the rate and/or depth of chest compression are withina predetermined amount of 10%, 20%, 50%, and/or other percentages of thetarget rate and/or depth of chest compression. In some implementations,responsive to the rate and/or depth being more than 20% (for example)different than the target rate and/or depth, the feedback processor 109may cause the feedback interface 113 to provide feedback to thecaregiver performing CPR. The feedback processor 109 may control thespeaker 119, the indicator lights 117, and/or other components of thefeedback interface 113 to provide feedback to the caregiver that causesthe caregiver to adjust the way the caregiver is performing CPR on thesubject. In some implementations, the target rate and/or depth of chestcompression may be determined at manufacture of the system 100, receivedand/or adjusted via input to the personal computing platform 104,determined by the feedback processor 109 and/or other components basedon information from the external resources 152 and/or other sources,determined by the server 106, and/or determined in other ways.

In some implementations, generating the real-time feedback based on theinformation in the signals from the sensor bank may comprise determiningtime elapsed since a collapse of the subject. The time elapsed since acollapse may be determined to be at least some minimum amount of time.The feedback processor 109 may be configured to determine time elapsedsince collapse responsive to the information in the signals from thesensor bank indicating ventricular fibrillation and no respiratorymovement in the subject. In some implementations, this minimum amount oftime may be about one minute. In some implementations, this minimumamount of time may be about two minutes. In some implementations, thisminimum amount of time may be about three or more minutes.

In some implementations, the feedback processor 109 may be configuredsuch that the real-time feedback may comprise a recommendation to beginchest compressions on the subject. The recommendation to begin chestcompressions on the subject may be determined responsive to the timeelapsed since collapse of the subject being at least one minute (forexample) and/or another predetermined amount of time, the information inthe signals from the sensor bank 112 indicating no respiratory movement,the information in the signals from the sensor bank 112 indicating nopulse in the subject, and/or other information. For example, therecommendation to begin chest compressions may be determined responsiveto an ECG (e.g., part of sensor bank 112 as described herein) whichshows ventricular fibrillation and respiration sensors (e.g., 124)and/or chest movement sensors (e.g., 126) that show no respiratory chestmovement. In this example, the feedback processor 109 may cause thespeaker 119 to ask a caregiver whether the subject has a pulse. If thecaregiver responds that there is no pulse (detected by the verbalcommunication sensor 136), the feedback processor 109 may control thespeaker 119, the indicator lights 117, and/or other components of thefeedback interface 113 to recommend beginning chest compressions.

In some implementations, the feedback processor 109 may be configuredsuch that the real-time feedback may comprise a recommendation to shockor defibrillate the subject. The recommendation to shock or defibrillatethe subject may be determined responsive to a time elapsed since a startof chest compressions being at least three minutes (for example) and/oranother predetermined amount of time, the information in the signalsfrom the sensor bank 112 indicating ventricular fibrillation, theinformation in the signals from the sensor bank 112 indicating no pulsein the subject, and/or other information. For example, after threeminutes (for example) of chest compressions (e.g., as detected by thechest compression sensor 132), an ECG rhythm may be detected (e.g., bythe cardiac rhythm sensor 122). Responsive to the ECG rhythm remainingVentricular tachycardia (Vtach)/Ventricular fibrillation (Vfib), thefeedback processor 109 may cause the speaker 119 to ask a caregiverwhether the subject has a pulse or determine whether there is a pulsebased on output signals from the heart rate sensor 120. If the caregiverresponds that there is no pulse (detected by the verbal communicationsensor 136) or if the output signals do not show a pulse, the feedbackprocessor 109 may control the speaker 119, the indicator lights 117,and/or other components of the feedback interface 113 to recommend shockor defibrillation.

In some implementations, the real-time feedback may comprise arecommendation to inject the subject with epinephrine. Therecommendation to inject the subject with epinephrine may be determinedresponsive to a time elapsed since a start of chest compressions beingat least five minutes (for example), the information in the signals fromthe sensor bank 112 indicating ventricular fibrillation, the informationin the signals from the sensor bank 112 indicating no pulse in thesubject, and/or other information. For example, after five minutes (forexample) of chest compressions (e.g., as detected by the chestcompression sensor 132), an ECG rhythm may be detected (e.g., by thecardiac rhythm sensor 122). Responsive to the ECG rhythm remainingVtach/Vfib, the feedback processor 109 may cause the speaker 119 to aska caregiver whether the subject has a pulse or determine whether thereis a pulse based on output signals from the heart rate sensor 120. Ifthe caregiver responds that there is no pulse (detected by the verbalcommunication sensor 136) or if the output signals do not show a pulse,the feedback processor 109 may control the speaker 119, the indicatorlights 117, and/or other components of the feedback interface 113 torecommend injecting the subject with epinephrine.

In some implementations, the subject may be receiving positive pressureventilation during the code blue scenario. In such implementations, thefeedback processor 109 may be configured such that the real-timefeedback may comprise a recommendation to adjust a ventilation pressure,a ventilation rate, and/or other ventilation parameters. Therecommendation to adjust the ventilation pressure and/or the ventilationrate may be determined based on information in the signals from thesensor bank 112 related to a rate and depth of chest rise in thesubject, and/or other information. For example, the rate and depth ofchest rise may be detected based on output signals from the respirationsensor 124, the chest movement sensor 126, or other sensors. Thefeedback processor 109 may be configured to determine whether the rateand/or depth of chest rise are within a predetermined amount of a targetrate and/or depth of chest rise and/or meet other target criteria. Insome implementations, the predetermined amount may be an absolute value,a percentage, and/or other predetermined amounts (e.g., similar to thosedescribed above). In some implementations, responsive to the rate and/ordepth being more than the predetermined amount different than the targetrate and/or depth, the feedback processor 109 may cause the feedbackinterface 113 to provide feedback to the caregivers. The feedbackprocessor 109 may control the speaker 119, the indicator lights 117, thedisplay screen 115, and/or other components of the feedback interface113 to provide feedback to the caregiver that causes the caregiver toadjust the way the ventilation is provided to the subject. In someimplementations, the target rate and/or depth of chest rise isdetermined at manufacture of the system 100, received and/or adjustedvia input to the personal computing platform 104, determined by thefeedback processor 109 and/or other components based on information fromexternal resources 152 and/or other sources, determined by the server106, and/or determined in other ways.

In some implementations, the feedback processor 109 may be configuredsuch that generating the real-time feedback based on the information inthe signals from the sensor bank 112 may comprise a machine-learningand/or model based analysis of the information in the signals from thesensor bank 112. The machine-learning and/or model based analysis maycomprise determining which future actions taken by caregivers duringresuscitation would improve a likelihood of recovery from the code bluescenario by the subject and/or determining other information. Themachine learning and/or model based analysis may comprise generating thereal-time feedback based on the predictions and/or other operations.

In some implementations, the machine learning and/or model basedanalysis may comprise a model based portion configured to reducecomplexity by efficiently solving well-known parts of the analysis, anda machine learning portion configured to discover solutions. In someimplementations, the model based portion may be used to determinewhether certain target variables, such as chest compression rate anddepth, are within or out of predetermined recommended parameter ranges.In some implementations, the model based portion may be augmented bydeep machine learning. In some implementations, the machine learningand/or model based analysis may include training based on informationfrom several individual patients (e.g., 100's, 1000's, and/or 100000'sof patients).

In some implementations, the machine learning and/or model basedanalysis comprises an offline training mode during which the feedbackprocessor 109 obtains training data comprising information from priorcode blue scenarios including information from the sensor bank 112,corresponding feedback provided to caregivers, corresponding outcomeinformation for patients, and/or other information for training machinelearning algorithms and/or other electronic models used in the analysis.In some implementations, the feedback processor 109 may be configuredsuch that the machine learning and/or model based analysis is performedby one or more machine learning algorithms, one or more neutralnetworks, and/or other models. As an example, neural networks may bebased on a large collection of neural units (or artificial neurons).Neural networks may loosely mimic the manner in which a biological brainworks (e.g., via large clusters of biological neurons connected byaxons). Each neural unit of a neural network may be connected with manyother neural units of the neural network. Such connections can beenforcing or inhibitory in their effect on the activation state ofconnected neural units. In some embodiments, each individual neural unitmay have a summation function which combines the values of all itsinputs together. In some embodiments, each connection (or the neutralunit itself) may have a threshold function such that the signal mustsurpass the threshold before it is allowed to propagate to other neuralunits. These neural network systems may be self-learning and trained,rather than explicitly programmed, and can perform significantly betterin certain areas of problem solving, as compared to traditional computerprograms. In some embodiments, neural networks may include multiplelayers (e.g., where a signal path traverses from front layers to backlayers). In some embodiments, back propagation techniques may beutilized by the neural networks, where forward stimulation is used toreset weights on the “front” neural units. In some embodiments,stimulation and inhibition for neural networks may be more free-flowing,with connections interacting in a more chaotic and complex fashion.

As described herein, the machine learning and/or model based analysismay be performed by feedback processors 109 (e.g., stand alone devices,and/or included in the server 106, the personal computing platform 104(e.g., an iPad and/or other personal computing platforms), and/or otherdevices) and/or other components based on information transmitted fromthe apparatus 102. Once analyzed, in some implementations, the personalcomputing platform 104 (e.g., iPad) may display the results andrecommendations. Corresponding feedback information may be sent back tothe apparatus 102 to be shown via indicator lights, and/or LCD screen,etc., communicated audibly, and/or communicated to a caregiver in otherways.

The personal computing platform 104 may include one or more of asmartphone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer,and/or other personal computing platforms. In some implementations, thepersonal computing platform 104 may be associated with one or moreindividual caregivers. In some implementations, the personal computingplatform 104 may be associated with a care facility and/or otherentities that provide medical care. In some implementations, thepersonal computing platform 104 may be associated with a patientreceiving resuscitation. The personal computing platform 104 may includeone or more of electronic storage 142, one or more processors 144,and/or other components. The processor(s) 144 may be configured toexecute computer program instructions 146. The computer programinstructions 146 may include one or more of a voice interpretationcomponent 148, a code blue documentation component 150, and/or othercomponents.

The voice interpretation component 148 may be configured to interpretone or more of a vital sign of the subject during resuscitationpresented as a function of time, an action taken by a code blue teamduring the code blue scenario, and/or other information. Theinterpretation may be based on audio information from the environmentsurrounding the subject during resuscitation. The code blue team mayinclude one or more healthcare providers, individual ones being assigneddifferent roles and/or functions.

The code blue documentation component 150 may be configured to providecode blue documentation that conveys information related to the vitalsigns of the subject during resuscitation and the audio information fromthe environment surrounding the subject during resuscitation. The codeblue documentation may include one or more of (1) one or more vitalsigns of the subject during resuscitation presented as a function oftime, (2) one or more actions taken by a code blue team during the codeblue scenario, the code blue team including one or more healthcareproviders, (3) information based on the audio information from theenvironment of the subject during resuscitation presented as a functionof time, and/or other information.

The one or more vital signs presented by the code blue documentation mayinclude one or more of a heart rate of the subject during resuscitation,a cardiac rhythm of the subject during resuscitation, a respiration ofthe subject during resuscitation, chest movements of the subject withrespiration during resuscitation, a temperature of the subject duringresuscitation, a blood pressure of the subject during resuscitation,oxygen saturation (e.g., SpO₂) of the subject during resuscitation,and/or other information associated with vital signs.

The one or more actions taken by the code blue team during the code bluescenario may include one or more of chest compressions performed on thesubject during resuscitation, cardioversion procedures and/ordefibrillation procedures performed on the subject during resuscitation,medications administered to the subject during resuscitation,endotracheal intubation, artificial respiration provided to the subjectduring resuscitation, vascular accesses (e.g., intravenous lines,intra-osseous lines, arterial lines, and/or other accesses), surgicalprocedures, laboratory test results associated with the subject, resultsfrom point-of-care devices associated with the subject, and/or otherinformation associated with actions taken by the code blue team. In someimplementations, these actions may be responsive to feedback determinedby feedback processor 109 and delivered by feedback interface 113 asdescribed herein.

The information based on the audio information from the environment ofthe subject during resuscitation may include one or more of verbalcommands issued by a leader of the code blue team, verbal responses tocommands issued by a leader of the code blue team and/or a request forinformation as part of feedback determination by feedback processor 109,chest compressions performed on the subject during resuscitation,cardioversion procedures and/or defibrillation procedures performed onthe subject during resuscitation, verbal assessments of a status of thesubject during resuscitation, verbal assessments of a vital sign of thesubject during resuscitation, medications administered to the subjectduring resuscitation, endotracheal intubation and artificial respirationprovided to the subject during resuscitation, vascular accesses (e.g.,intravenous lines, intra-osseous lines, arterial lines, and/or otheraccesses), surgical procedures, laboratory test results associated withthe subject, results from point-of-care devices associated with thesubject, and/or other information associated with audio information fromthe environment surrounding the subject.

The code blue documentation may be provided and/or presented in variousforms. In some implementations, the code blue documentation may beprovided as an electronic document. By way of non-limiting example, thecode blue documentation may be exported as a portable document file(PDF) or other electronic document format so that the code bluedocumentation can be printed for paper chart, or uploaded to anelectronic medical record (EMR). The code blue documentation may beprovided directly as an electronic medical record.

In some implementations, the feedback, the code blue documentation,and/or other information may be provided for presentation via portablecomputing platform 104. FIG. 5 illustrates a graphical user interface500 presenting code blue documentation, in accordance with one or moreimplementations. The graphical user interface 500 may be presented bypersonal computing platform 104. The graphical user interface 500 mayinclude one or more of a time field 502, a heart rate field 504, an ECGfield 506, a respiratory rate field 508, a temperature field 510, ablood pressure field 512, an oxygen saturation field (SpO₂) (notdepicted), a chest movement field 514, a procedure field 516, amedication field 518, a labs field 520, a voice recording field 522,and/or other fields. The fields of graphical user interface 500presented in FIG. 5 are intended to be illustrative. In someimplementations, graphical user interface 500 may include one or moreadditional fields not described, and/or without one or more of thefields discussed. Additionally, the order and/or arrangement in whichthe fields of graphical user interface 500 are illustrated in FIG. 5 arenot intended to be limiting.

The fields of graphical user interface 500 may be configured to conveyvarious information. The time field 502 may be configured to convey timeinformation associated with a code blue scenario. The time informationmay include a time of day, a time since the code blue scenario wasinitiated, a time since apparatus 102 was adhered to the subject, a timesince subject collapse, a time since chest compressions were started,and/or other time information associated with the code blue scenario.The heart rate field 504 may be configured to convey the subject's heartrate as a function of time and/or other information associated with thesubject's heart rate. The ECG field 506 may be configured to convey thesubject's electrocardiogram as a function of time, cardiac rhythm,identifying arrhythmias, and/or other information associated with thesubject's ECG. The respiratory rate field 508 may be configured toconvey the subject's respiratory rate as a function of time and/or otherinformation associated with the subject's breathing. The temperaturefield 510 may be configured to convey the subject's temperature as afunction of time and/or other information associated with the subject'stemperature. The blood pressure field 512 may be configured to conveythe subject's blood pressure as a function of time and/or otherinformation associated with the subject's blood pressure. The chestmovement field 514 may be configured to convey the subject's chestmovements as a function of time and/or other information associated withthe subject's chest movements. The procedure field 516 may be configuredto convey indications of performed procedures as a function of time, thenature or type of individual procedures, and/or other informationassociated with procedures performed on the subject. The medicationfield 518 may be configured to convey indications of providedmedications as a function of time, the type and/or dosage of individualmedications, and/or other information associate with medicationsprovided to the subject during the code blue scenario. The labs field520 may be configured to convey indications of performed labs (e.g.,assays) as a function of time, the nature or type of individual labs,and/or other information related to labs associated with the code bluescenario. The voice recording field 522 may be configured to conveyaudio information recorded in the environment surrounding the subjectduring the code blue scenario. The audio information may be transcribedinto text. The graphical user interface 500 may be configured tofacilitate audible playback of audio information. In someimplementations, graphical user interface 500 may be configured tofacilitate zooming in and out of a graphical representation of audioinformation (e.g., zoom in to view one second of audio information, zoomout to fit the size of a screen, and/or other zoom configurations). Insome implementations, graphical user interface 500 may be configured toconvey a detailed analysis of chest compressions (e.g., rate, depth,pauses, and intervals). Onscreen calipers may be provided to measuretime intervals between events and measure time intervals for one or morequality of care indicators.

In some implementations, one or more of these fields may be configuredto display a real-time value for the parameter associated with a givenfield. For example, the heart rate field 504 may be configured to conveythe subject's real-time heart rate. The respiratory rate field 508 maybe configured to convey the subject's real-time respiratory rate. Thetemperature field 510 may be configured to convey the subject'sreal-time temperature. The blood pressure field 512 may be configured toconvey the subject's real-time blood pressure. The chest movement field514 may be configured to convey the subject's real-time chest movements.These examples are not intended to be limiting.

Turning back to FIG. 1, in some implementations, apparatus 102, personalcomputing platform 104, server 106, feedback processor 109, and/orexternal resources 152 may be operatively linked via one or moreelectronic communication links. For example, such electroniccommunication links may be established, at least in part, via a networkor connection such as the Internet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and/or othernetworks or connections. It will be appreciated that this is notintended to be limiting, and that the scope of this disclosure includesimplementations in which apparatus 102, personal computing platform 104,server 106, feedback processor 109, and/or external resources 152 may beoperatively linked via some other communication media.

By way of non-limiting example, a given personal computing platform 104may include one or more of a desktop computer, a laptop computer, ahandheld computer, a tablet computing platform, a NetBook, a Smartphone,and/or other computing platforms.

Server 106 may include electronic storage, one or more processors,and/or other components. Server 106 may be configured to executecomputer program instructions 138, computer program instructions 146,and/or other instructions. Server 106 may include communication lines,or ports to enable the exchange of information with a network and/orother computing platforms. Illustration of server 106 in FIG. 1 is notintended to be limiting. Server 106 may include a plurality of hardware,software, and/or firmware components operating together to provide thefunctionality attributed herein to server 106. For example, server 106may be implemented by a cloud of computing platforms operating togetheras server 106.

External resources 152 may include sources of information, hosts and/orproviders of medical information (e.g., EMR) outside of system 100,external entities participating with system 100, and/or other resources.In some implementations, some or all of the functionality attributedherein to external resources 152 may be provided by resources includedin system 100.

Electronic storage 114 and/or 142 may comprise non-transitory storagemedia that electronically stores information. The electronic storagemedia of electronic storage 114 and/or 142 may include one or both ofsystem storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantiallynon-removable) with a device (e.g., apparatus 102 or personal computingplatform 104) and/or removable storage that is removably connectable tothe device (e.g., apparatus 102 or personal computing platform 104), forexample, a port (e.g., a USB port, a firewire port, etc.) or a drive(e.g., a disk drive, etc.). Electronic storage 114 and/or 142 mayinclude one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., opticaldisks, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape,magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.), electrical charge-basedstorage media (e.g., EEPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media(e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or other electronically readable storagemedia. Electronic storage 114 and/or 142 may include one or more virtualstorage resources (e.g., cloud storage, a virtual private network,and/or other virtual storage resources). Electronic storage 114 and/or142 may store software algorithms, information determined by a processor(e.g., processor(s) 109, processor(s) 116, and/or processor(s) 144),information received from server 106, information received from personalcomputing platforms 104, information received from apparatus 102,information received from feedback processor 109, information receivedfrom external resources 152, and/or other information that enablessystem 100 to function as described herein.

Processor(s) 116 may be configured to provide information processingcapabilities in apparatus 102. Processor(s) 144 may be configured toprovide information processing capabilities in personal computingplatform 104. Feedback processor(s) 109 may be configured to provideinformation processing capabilities in and/or for either one of thesedevices, as well as for system 100 as a whole. As such, processor(s)109, 116, and/or 144 may include one or more of a digital processor, ananalog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, ananalog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/orother mechanisms for electronically processing information. Althoughprocessor(s) 109, 116, and 144 are shown in FIG. 1 as single entities,this is for illustrative purposes only. In some implementations,processor processor(s) 109, 116, and/or 114 may include a plurality ofprocessing units. These processing units may be physically locatedwithin the same device, or processor(s) 109, 116, and/or 114 mayrepresent processing functionality of a plurality of devices operatingin coordination. For example, parts and/or all of feedback processor(s)109 may be included in enclosure 108 of apparatus 102, included inpersonal computing platform 104, included in server 106, and/or includedin other components of the system 100. The processor(s) 109, 116, and/or114 may be configured to execute computer program instructions (e.g.,computer program instructions 138 and/or 146, and/or computer programinstructions that facilitate generation of feedback for provision tocaregivers) by software; hardware; firmware; some combination ofsoftware, hardware, and/or firmware; and/or other mechanisms forconfiguring processing capabilities on processor(s) 109, 116, and/or114. As used herein, the term “module” may refer to any component or setof components that perform the functionality attributed to the module.This may include one or more physical processors during execution ofprocessor readable instructions, the processor readable instructions,circuitry, hardware, storage media, or any other components.

It should be appreciated that although computer program instructioncomponents 140, 148, and 150 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as beingimplemented within a single processing unit, in implementations in whichprocessor(s) 116 and/or 114 includes multiple processing units, one ormore of components 140, 148, and/or 150 may be implemented remotely fromthe other components. The description of the functionality provided bythe different components 140, 148, and/or 150 described herein is forillustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any ofcomponents 140, 148, and/or 150 may provide more or less functionalitythan is described. For example, one or more of components 140, 148,and/or 150 may be eliminated, and some or all of its functionality maybe provided by other ones of components 140, 148, and/or 150. As anotherexample, processor(s) 116 and/or 114 may be configured to execute one ormore additional components that may perform some or all of thefunctionality attributed below to one of components 140, 148, and/or150.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 for documenting code blue scenarios, inaccordance with one or more implementations. The operations of method600 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In someimplementations, method 600 may be accomplished with one or moreadditional operations not described, and/or without one or more of theoperations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations ofmethod 600 are illustrated in FIG. 6 and described below is not intendedto be limiting.

In some implementations, method 600 may be implemented in one or moreprocessing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analog processor, adigital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuitdesigned to process information, a state machine, and/or othermechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or moreprocessing devices may include one or more devices executing some or allof the operations of method 600 in response to instructions storedelectronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or moreprocessing devices may include one or more devices configured throughhardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed forexecution of one or more of the operations of method 600.

At an operation 602, an indication may be received conveying that aprotective cover has been removed from an apparatus (e.g., apparatus102) configured to be adhered to the chest of a subject when the codeblue scenario begins. In some implementations, operation 602 may beperformed by processor(s) 116.

At an operation 604, electrical power may be provided to the apparatus.Operation 604 may be performed by power supply 110, according to someimplementations. According to various implementations, the electricalpower may be provided responsive to the protective cover being removedand/or the apparatus being applied to the subject.

At an operation 606, electronic storage (e.g., electronic storage 114)disposed within the apparatus may be queried to determine whetherinformation associated with a code blue scenario is stored in theelectronic storage. In some implementations, operation 606 may beperformed by processor(s) 116. If the determination in operation 606 ispositive, method 600 may proceed to an operation 608. If thedetermination in operation 606 is negative, method 600 may proceed to anoperation 610.

At operation 608, a sensor bank (e.g., sensor bank 112) disposed in theapparatus begins providing signals conveying information associated withthe code blue scenario, which form a basis for code blue documentation.

At an operation 612, an indication may be received conveying that theprotective cover has been reapplied to the apparatus. In someimplementations, operation 612 may be performed by processor(s) 116.

At an operation 614, electrical power ceases to be provided to theapparatus. According to various implementations, the electrical powermay cease to be provided responsive to the protective cover beingreapplied to the apparatus and/or the apparatus being placed into acontainer.

At an operation 616, the apparatus may be physically stored as a medicalrecord.

Looking back to operation 610, a determination may be made as to whetherthe apparatus is communicatively coupled with a personal computingplatform (e.g., personal computing platform 104). In someimplementations, operation 610 may be performed by processor(s) 116 inconjunction with communications interface 118. If the determination inoperation 610 is negative, method 600 may proceed to operation 614. Ifthe determination in operation in operation 610 is positive, method 600may proceed to operation 618.

At operation 618, information associated with the signals provided bythe sensor bank may be transmitted from the apparatus to the personalcomputing platform. In some implementations, operation 618 may beperformed by processor(s) 116 in conjunction with communicationsinterface 118.

At an operation 620, the personal computing platform may display agraphical user interface (e.g., graphical user interface 500) presentingcode blue documentation. Operation 620 may be performed by processor(s)144, according to some implementations.

At an operation 622, user annotations may be received by the personalcomputing platform and implemented in the code blue documentation.Operation 622 may be performed by processor(s) 144, according to someimplementations.

At an operation 624, the code blue documentation may be finalized basedon one or both of the information received from the apparatus and/oruser annotations. Operation 624 may be performed by processor(s) 144,according to some implementations.

At an operation 626, the code blue documentation may be exported in anelectronic document format (e.g., PDF). Operation 626 may be performedby processor(s) 144, according to some implementations.

At an operation 628, the code blue documentation may be presented forreview of quality, educational purposes, and/or other purposes.Operation 628 may be performed by processor(s) 144, according to someimplementations.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 for providing feedback to caregiverswith a feedback apparatus during a code blue scenario, in accordancewith one or more implementations. The system may comprise an enclosure,a sensor bank, a feedback interface, one or more processors, and/orother components. The one or more hardware processors may be configuredby computer program instructions. The operations of method 700 presentedbelow are intended to be illustrative. In some embodiments, method 700may be accomplished with one or more additional operations notdescribed, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed.Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 700 areillustrated in FIG. 7 and described below is not intended to belimiting.

In some embodiments, method 700 may be implemented in one or moreprocessing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analog processor, adigital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuitdesigned to process information, a state machine, and/or othermechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or moreprocessing devices may include one or more devices executing some or allof the operations of method 700 in response to instructions storedelectronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or moreprocessing devices may include one or more devices configured throughhardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed forexecution of one or more of the operations of method 700.

At an operation 702, the enclosure of the feedback apparatus may beadhered to the chest of a subject. In some implementations, theenclosure may be removably adhered to the skin of the subject's chest.The subject may be undergoing resuscitation. The enclosure may beconfigured to withstand compressive forces applied to the subject'schest from chest compressions during resuscitation of the subject.Components disposed within the enclosure may be protected frommechanical damage, electrical shock, and/or other conditions. The sensorbank may be at least partially disposed within the enclosure. Thefeedback interface may be coupled with the enclosure. Operation 702 maybe performed by an enclosure the same as or similar to enclosure 108(shown in FIG. 1 and described herein) according to someimplementations.

At an operation 704, signals that convey information associated with thecode blue scenario may be provided. The information may include vitalsigns of the subject during resuscitation, information associated withchest movements of the subject during resuscitation, audio informationfrom an environment surrounding the subject during resuscitation, and/orother information. In some implementations, operation 704 comprisesgenerating, with a heart rate sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with a heart rate of the subject duringresuscitation. In some implementations, operation 704 comprisesgenerating, with a cardiac rhythm sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with a cardiac rhythm of the subjectduring resuscitation. In some implementations, operation 704 comprisesgenerating, with a respiration sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with a respiration of the subjectduring resuscitation. In some implementations, operation 704 comprisesgenerating, with a chest movement sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with chest movements caused byartificial respiration provided to the subject during resuscitation. Insome implementations, operation 704 comprises generating, with atemperature sensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveying informationassociated with a temperature of the subject during resuscitation. Insome implementations, operation 704 comprises generating, with a bloodpressure sensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveying informationassociated with a blood pressure of the subject during resuscitation. Insome implementations, operation 704 comprises generating, with an oxygensaturation sensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveying informationassociated with an oxygen saturation of the subject duringresuscitation. In some implementations, operation 704 comprisesgenerating, with a chest compression sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with chest compressions performed onthe subject during resuscitation. In some implementations, operation 704comprises generating, with a cardioversion and/or defibrillation sensorof the sensor bank, a signal conveying information associated withcardioversion procedures and/or defibrillation procedures performed onthe subject during resuscitation. In some implementations, operation 704comprises generating, with a verbal communication sensor of the sensorbank, a signal conveying information associated with verbalcommunication in an environment of the subject during resuscitation.Operation 704 may be performed by a sensor bank the same as or similarto sensor bank 112 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein) according tosome implementations.

At an operation 706, real time feedback for caregivers may be generatedbased on the information in the signals and/or other information. Thereal-time feedback may comprise a recommendation to begin resuscitation,adjustments that should be made to ongoing resuscitation, and/or otherfeedback. In some implementations, the real-time feedback may compriseadjustments that should be made to ongoing resuscitation. Suchadjustments may comprise recommended changes to one or more of acompression rate, a compression depth, a pause between compressions, ora compression interval of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chestcompressions performed on the subject during the code blue scenario.

In some implementations, generating the real-time feedback based on theinformation in the signals from the sensor bank may comprise determiningtime elapsed since a collapse of the subject. The time elapsed since acollapse may be determined to be at least one minute (for example)responsive to the information in the signals from the sensor bankindicating ventricular fibrillation and no respiratory movement in thesubject.

In some implementations, the real-time feedback may comprise arecommendation to begin chest compressions on the subject. Therecommendation to begin chest compressions on the subject may bedetermined responsive to the time elapsed since collapse of the subjectbeing at least one minute (for example), the information in the signalsfrom the sensor bank indicating no respiratory movement, the informationin the signals from the sensor bank indicating no pulse in the subject,and/or other information. In some implementations, the real-timefeedback may comprise a recommendation to shock or defibrillate thesubject. The recommendation to shock or defibrillate the subject may bedetermined responsive to a time elapsed since a start of chestcompressions being at least three minutes (for example), the informationin the signals from the sensor bank indicating ventricular fibrillation,the information in the signals from the sensor bank indicating no pulsein the subject, and/or other information. In some implementations, thereal-time feedback may comprise a recommendation to inject the subjectwith epinephrine. The recommendation to inject the subject withepinephrine may be determined responsive to a time elapsed since a startof chest compressions being at least five minutes (for example), theinformation in the signals from the sensor bank indicating ventricularfibrillation, the information in the signals from the sensor bankindicating no pulse in the subject, and/or other information.

In some implementations, the subject may be receiving positive pressureventilation during the code blue scenario. In such implementations, thereal-time feedback may comprise a recommendation to adjust a ventilationpressure, a ventilation rate, and/or other ventilation parameters. Therecommendation to adjust the ventilation pressure and/or the ventilationrate may be determined based on information in the signals related to arate and depth of chest rise in the subject, for example.

In some implementations, generating the real-time feedback based on theinformation in the signals from the sensor bank may comprise amachine-learning analysis of the information in the signals from thesensor bank. The machine-learning analysis may comprise determiningwhich future actions taken by caregivers during resuscitation wouldimprove a likelihood of recovery from the code blue scenario by thesubject. The machine learning analysis may comprise generating thereal-time feedback based on the predictions and/or other operations.Operation 706 may be performed by one or more feedback processors thesame as or similar to feedback processor 109 (shown in FIG. 1 anddescribed herein) according to some implementations.

At an operation 708, the real-time feedback may be provided to thecaregivers during the code blue scenario. Operation 708 may be performedby a feedback interface the same as or similar to feedback interface 113(shown in FIG. 1 and described herein) according to someimplementations. The feedback interface may comprise one or more of adisplay screen, one or more indicator lights, a speaker, communicationscomponents, and/or other components. The real-time feedback may beprovided to the caregivers via one or more of a computing platformlocated remotely from the enclosure, the display screen, the one or moreindicator lights, the speaker, and/or the other components. In someimplementations, the feedback interface may include a timer. In someimplementations, the timer may be activated responsive to one or both ofthe apparatus being removably adhered to the subject's chest or anadhesive cover being removed from the enclosure, for example.

Although the present technology has been described in detail for thepurpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be themost practical and preferred implementations, it is to be understoodthat such detail is solely for that purpose and that the technology isnot limited to the disclosed implementations, but, on the contrary, isintended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that arewithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it isto be understood that the present technology contemplates that, to theextent possible, one or more features of any implementation can becombined with one or more features of any other implementation.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus configured to provide feedback tocaregivers for a code blue scenario, the apparatus comprising: anenclosure configured to be adhered to a chest of a subject; a sensorbank at least partially disposed within the enclosure, the sensor bankbeing configured to provide signals conveying information associatedwith the code blue scenario, the information including vital signs ofthe subject, information associated with chest movements of the subject,and/or audio information from an environment surrounding the subject; afeedback interface coupled with the enclosure, the feedback interfaceconfigured to provide real-time feedback to the caregivers for the codeblue scenario, the real-time feedback comprising a recommendation tobegin resuscitation, and/or adjustments that should be made to ongoingresuscitation; and one or more processors operatively coupled with thesensor bank and the feedback interface, the one or more processorsconfigured by computer program instructions to generate the real-timefeedback based on the information in the signals from the sensor bank.2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feedback interface comprises adisplay screen, one or more indicator lights, and/or a speaker, andwherein the feedback interface is configured to provide the real-timefeedback to the caregivers via the display screen, the one or moreindicator lights, and/or the speaker.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2,wherein the feedback interface comprises the speaker, and wherein thefeedback interface is configured to provide the real-time feedback tothe caregivers using voice feedback provided through the speaker.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 2, wherein the feedback interface comprises thedisplay screen, and wherein the feedback interface is configured tovisually provide the real-time feedback to the caregivers with thedisplay screen.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feedbackinterface comprises Bluetooth components configured to communicate thereal-time feedback to the caregivers via one or more computing platformsremote from the enclosure.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oneor more processors are configured such that generating the real-timefeedback based on the information in the signals from the sensor bankcomprises a machine-learning analysis of the information in the signalsfrom the sensor bank by a trained machine-learning model, themachine-learning model trained using prior physiological data from priorsignals and corresponding prior real-time feedback, the machine-learninganalysis comprising determining which future actions taken by caregiversduring resuscitation would improve a likelihood of recovery from thecode blue scenario by the subject, and generating the real-time feedbackbased on the predictions.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oneor more processors are further configured to populate an electronic codeblue sheet based on the signals from the sensor bank, the electroniccode blue sheet comprising a user interface configured to automaticallydisplay recorded code blue events chronologically with time stamps,provide zoomable views of vital signs, and/or facilitate playback ofverbal communication for the code blue scenario.
 8. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured such that thereal-time feedback comprises adjustments that should be made to ongoingresuscitation, the adjustments comprising recommended changes to one ormore of a compression rate, a compression depth, a pause betweencompressions, or a compression interval of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) chest compressions performed on the subject during the code bluescenario.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or moreprocessors are configured such that generating the real-time feedbackcomprises determining time elapsed since collapse of the subject, thetime elapsed since collapse determined to be at least one minuteresponsive to the information in the signals from the sensor bankindicating ventricular fibrillation and no respiratory movement.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor bank includes: a heart ratesensor configured to provide a signal conveying information associatedwith a heart rate of the subject; a cardiac rhythm sensor configured toprovide a signal conveying information associated with a cardiac rhythmof the subject; a respiration sensor configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a respiration of the subject; achest movement sensor configured to provide a signal conveyinginformation associated with chest movements caused by artificialrespiration provided to the subject; a temperature sensor configured toprovide a signal conveying information associated with a temperature ofthe subject; a blood pressure sensor configured to provide a signalconveying information associated with a blood pressure of the subject;an oxygen saturation sensor configured to provide a signal conveyinginformation associated with an oxygen saturation of the subject; a chestcompression sensor configured to provide a signal conveying informationassociated with chest compressions performed on the subject; acardioversion and/or defibrillation sensor configured to provide asignal conveying information associated with cardioversion proceduresand/or defibrillation procedures performed on the subject; and/or averbal communication sensor configured to provide a signal conveyinginformation associated with verbal communication in an environment ofthe subject.
 11. A method for providing feedback to caregivers with afeedback apparatus for a code blue scenario, the apparatus comprising anenclosure, a sensor bank, a feedback interface, and one or moreprocessors configured by computer program instructions, the methodcomprising: configuring the enclosure to be adhered to a chest of asubject, wherein the sensor bank is at least partially disposed withinthe enclosure, and wherein the feedback interface is coupled with theenclosure; providing signals with the sensor bank that conveyinformation associated with the code blue scenario, the informationincluding vital signs of the subject, information associated with chestmovements of the subject, and audio information from an environmentsurrounding the subject; generating real-time feedback for thecaregivers based on the information in the signals from the sensor bankwith the one or more processors, the real-time feedback comprisingadjustments that should be made to ongoing resuscitation; and providingthe real-time feedback to the caregivers for the code blue scenario withthe feedback interface.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedbackinterface comprises a display screen, one or more indicator lights,and/or a speaker, and wherein the real-time feedback is provided to thecaregivers via the display screen, the one or more indicator lights,and/or the speaker.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the feedbackinterface comprises the speaker, and wherein the method comprisesproviding the real-time feedback to the caregivers using voice feedbackprovided through the speaker.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein thefeedback interface comprises the display screen, and wherein the methodcomprises visually providing the real-time feedback to the caregiverswith the display screen.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedbackinterface comprises Bluetooth components configured to communicate thereal-time feedback to the caregivers via one or more computing platformsremote from the enclosure.
 16. The method of claim 13, whereingenerating the real-time feedback based on the information in thesignals from the sensor bank comprises a machine-learning analysis ofthe information in the signals from the sensor bank with amachine-learning model, the method further comprising training themachine-learning model using prior physiological data from prior signalsand corresponding real-time feedback, the machine-learning analysiscomprising determining which future actions taken by caregivers wouldimprove a likelihood of recovery from the code blue scenario by thesubject, and generating the real-time feedback based on the predictions.17. The method of claim 11, further comprising populating an electroniccode blue sheet based on the signals from the sensor bank, theelectronic code blue sheet comprising a user interface configured toautomatically display recorded code blue events chronologically withtime stamps, provide zoomable views of vital signs, and/or facilitateplayback of verbal communication for the code blue scenario.
 18. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the real-time feedback comprises adjustmentsthat should be made to ongoing resuscitation, the adjustments comprisingrecommended changes to one or more of a compression rate, a compressiondepth, a pause between compressions, or a compression interval ofcardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compressions performed on thesubject during the code blue scenario.
 19. The method of claim 11,wherein generating the real-time feedback based on the information inthe signals from the sensor bank comprises determining time elapsedsince collapse of the subject, the time elapsed since collapsedetermined to be at least one minute responsive to the information inthe signals from the sensor bank indicating ventricular fibrillation andno respiratory movement.
 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:generating, with a heart rate sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with a heart rate of the subject;generating, with a cardiac rhythm sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with a cardiac rhythm of the subject;generating, with a respiration sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with a respiration of the subject;generating, with a chest movement sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with chest movements caused byartificial respiration provided to the subject; generating, with atemperature sensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveying informationassociated with a temperature of the subject; generating, with a bloodpressure sensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveying informationassociated with a blood pressure of the subject; generating, with anoxygen saturation sensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveyinginformation associated with an oxygen saturation of the subject;generating, with a chest compression sensor of the sensor bank, a signalconveying information associated with chest compressions performed onthe subject; generating, with a cardioversion and/or defibrillationsensor of the sensor bank, a signal conveying information associatedwith cardioversion procedures and/or defibrillation procedures performedon the subject; and/or generating, with a verbal communication sensor ofthe sensor bank, a signal conveying information associated with verbalcommunication in an environment of the subject.